Overview

The term "fetal macrosomia" is employed to explain a newborn who's much larger than average. A baby who is diagnosed as having fetal macrosomia weighs quite 8 pounds, 13 ounces (4,000 grams), no matter his or her fetal age . About 9% of babies worldwide weigh quite 8 pounds, 13 ounces.

Risks related to fetal macrosomia increase greatly when birth weight is quite 9 pounds, 15 ounces (4,500 grams). Fetal macrosomia may complicate vaginal delivery and may put the baby in danger of injury during birth. Fetal macrosomia also puts the baby at increased risk of health problems after birth.

Symptoms

Fetal macrosomia are often difficult to detect and diagnose during pregnancy. Signs and symptoms include:

Ø     Large fundal height. During prenatal visits, your health care provider might measure your fundal height — the space from the highest of your uterus to your pubis . a bigger than expected fundal height might be a symbol of fetal macrosomia.

Ø     Excessive amnionic fluid (polyhydramnios). Having an excessive amount of amnionic fluid — the fluid that surrounds and protects a baby during pregnancy — could be a symbol that your baby is larger than average.

The amount of amnionic fluid reflects your baby's urine output, and a bigger baby produces more urine. Some conditions that cause a baby to be larger may additionally increase his or her urine output.

Causes

Genetic factors and maternal conditions like obesity or diabetes can cause fetal macrosomia. Rarely, a baby may need a medical condition that creates him or her grow faster and bigger.

Sometimes it's unknown what causes a baby to be larger than average.

Risk factors

Many factors might increase the danger of fetal macrosomia — some you'll control, but others you cannot.

For example:

Ø     Maternal diabetes. Fetal macrosomia is more likely if you had diabetes before pregnancy (pre-gestational diabetes) or if you develop diabetes during pregnancy (gestational diabetes).

Ø     A history of fetal macrosomia. If you've previously born to an outsized baby, you're at increased risk of getting another large baby. Also, if you weighed quite 8 pounds, 13 ounces at birth, you're more likely to possess an outsized baby.

Ø     Maternal obesity. Fetal macrosomia is more likely if you're obese.

Ø     Excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Gaining an excessive amount of weight during pregnancy increases the danger of fetal macrosomia.

Ø     Previous pregnancies. the danger of fetal macrosomia increases with each pregnancy. Up to the fifth pregnancy, the typical birth weight for every successive pregnancy typically increases by up to about 4 ounces (113 grams).

Ø     Having a boy. Male infants typically weigh slightly quite female infants. Most babies who weigh quite 9 pounds, 15 ounces (4,500 grams) are male.

Ø     Overdue pregnancy. If your pregnancy continues by quite fortnight past your maturity , your baby is at increased risk of fetal macrosomia.

Ø     Maternal age. Women older than 35 are more likely to possess a baby diagnosed with fetal macrosomia.

Prevention

You might not be ready to prevent fetal macrosomia, but you'll promote a healthy pregnancy. Research shows that exercising during pregnancy and eating a low-glycemic diet can reduce the danger of macrosomia.
For example:

Ø     Schedule a preconception appointment. If you're considering pregnancy, talk together with your health care provider. If you're obese, you would possibly even be mentioned another health care provider — like a registered dietitian or an obesity specialist — who can assist you reach a healthy weight before pregnancy.

Ø     Monitor your weight. Gaining a healthy amount of weight during pregnancy — often 25 to 35 pounds (about 11 to 16 kilograms) if you've got a traditional pre-pregnancy weight — supports your baby's growth and development. Women who weigh more once they get pregnant will have lower recommended pregnancy weight gain. Work together with your health care provider to work out what's right for you.

Ø     Manage diabetes. If you had diabetes before pregnancy or if you develop gestational diabetes, work together with your health care provider to manage the condition. Controlling your blood glucose level is that the best thanks to prevent complications, including fetal macrosomia.

Ø     Be active. Follow your health care provider's recommendations for physical activity

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