What is disability?

A disability is any condition of the body or mind (impairment) that creates it harder for the person with the condition to try to to certain activities (activity limitation) and interact with the world around them (participation restrictions).

There are many sorts of disabilities, like people who affect a person’s:

Ø  Vision

Ø  Movement

Ø  Thinking

Ø  Remembering

Ø  Learning

Ø  Communicating

Ø  Hearing

Ø  Mental health

Ø  Social relationships

Although “people with disabilities” sometimes refers to one population, this is often actually a various group of individuals with a good range of needs. Two people with an equivalent sort of disability are often affected in very alternative ways. Some disabilities could also be hidden or tough to ascertain.

According to the planet Health Organization, disability has three dimensions

Ø     Impairment in a person’s body structure or function, or mental functioning; examples of impairments include loss of a limb, loss of vision or memory loss.

Ø     Activity limitation, such as difficulty seeing, hearing, walking, or problem solving.

Ø     Participation restrictions in normal daily activities, such as working, engaging in social and recreational activities, and obtaining health care and preventive services.

Disability can be:

Ø     Related to conditions that are present at birth and may affect functions later in life, including cognition (memory, learning, and understanding), mobility (moving around in the environment), vision, hearing, behavior, and other areas. These conditions may be:

Ø     Associated with developmental conditions that become apparent during childhood (for example, autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or ADHD)

Ø     Related to an injury (for example, traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injuryexternal icon).

Ø     Associated with a longstanding condition (for example, diabetes), which can cause a disability such as vision loss, nerve damage, or limb loss.

Ø     Progressive (for example, muscular dystrophy), static (for example, limb loss), or intermittent (for example, some forms of multiple sclerosisexternal icon).

What is impairment?

Impairment is an absence of or significant difference in a person’s body structure or function or mental functioning.2 For example, problems in the structure of the brain can result in difficulty with mental functions, or problems with the structure of the eyes or ears may result in difficulty with the functions of vision or hearing.

Ø     Structural impairments are significant problems with an internal or external component of the body. Examples of these include a kind of nerve damage which will end in multiple sclerosisexternal icon, or an entire loss of a body component, as when a limb has been amputated.

Ø     Functional impairments include the complete or partial loss of function of a body part. Examples of these include pain that doesn’t go away or joints that no longer move easily.

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