What is glycosuria?
Glycosuria happens once you pass blood glucose (blood glucose) into your urine.
Normally, your kidneys absorb blood sugar back into your blood vessels from any liquid that passes through them. With glycosuria, your kidneys might not take enough blood glucose out of your urine before it passes out of your body.
This often happens because you have an abnormally high level of glucose in your blood (hyperglycemia). Sometimes, glycosuria can develop albeit you've got normal or low blood glucose levels. In these situations, it’s known as renal glycosuria.
What causes this condition and who’s at risk?
Glycosuria is usually caused by an underlying condition that affects your blood glucose level, like diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is that the commonest explanation for glycosuria.
If you have this condition, your body’s insulin doesn’t work properly in one of two ways. In some cases, insulin can’t transport blood sugar into your body’s cells effectively. This can cause blood sugar to be passed out in your urine instead.
In other cases, your body doesn’t make enough insulin to balance your blood sugar levels. Any excess blood glucose is passed out through your urine.
Glycosuria also can happen if you develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy. This type of diabetes happens when hormones that come from your baby’s placenta prevent the insulin in your body from properly controlling your blood glucose . This can cause your blood glucose to become abnormally high. Gestational diabetes is preventable, though. Here’s how.
Renal glycosuria may be a much rarer sort of glycosuria. This happens when your kidney’s renal tubules — the parts of the kidneys that act as filters in your urinary system — don’t filter blood sugar out of your urine properly. This condition is often caused by a mutation in a specific gene. Unlike glycosuria that happens due to type 2 diabetes, renal glycosuria isn’t necessarily caused by your overall health or lifestyle choices.
What are the symptoms?
There aren’t any immediately obvious symptoms of glycosuria. In fact, many of us experience glycosuria for years and never notice any symptoms.
But if left untreated, glycosuria can cause you to:
Ø feel extremely thirsty or dehydrated
Ø feel extremely hungry
Ø urinate more than usual
Ø urinate accidentally
If your glycosuria may be a sign of type 2 diabetes, you'll also experience:
Ø unexplained weight loss
Ø fatigue
Ø trouble seeing
Ø slow-healing cuts, sores, or other injuries
Ø skin darkening in the folds of your neck, armpits, or other areas
How is this condition diagnosed?
Glycosuria are often diagnosed during a number of the way , but urinalysis is that the commonest approach.
For this test, your doctor will ask you to urinate on a test strip to be sent off to a lab for testing. The lab technician is going to be ready to determine whether your urine glucose levels suggest glycosuria. You may have glycosuria if the quantity of glucose in your urine is above 180 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) during a single day.
Your doctor may also order blood tests to check your blood sugar. Normal blood sugar levels are usually between 70–140 mg/dL depending on whether you’ve eaten recently or whether you have diabetes.
If your blood sugar levels are high and diabetes hasn’t been diagnosed previously, your doctor will likely perform a glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test. This blood test provides information about your blood sugar levels for the past few months.
How is this condition treated?
Glycosuria isn’t a cause for concern on its own. No treatment is needed if there isn’t an underlying condition that’s causing you to pass high amounts of glucose in your urine.
If a condition like diabetes is causing your glycosuria, your doctor will work with you to develop a treatment plan.
Possible treatment and management options include:
Ø Getting at least 30 minutes of physical activity every day.
Ø Developing a diet plan that provides you with enough nutrients while also decreasing sugar or fats intake. This may mean eating more whole grains, vegetables, and fruits.
Ø Taking medications to help your body use insulin more effectively. These can include metformin (Glumetza), which allows your body to reply better to insulin, or sulfonylureas (Glyburid), which helps your body make more insulin.
Ø Keeping track of your blood sugar levels so that you can better understand how your body reacts to certain foods, activities, or therapies.
Can this be prevented?
You can’t prevent genetic conditions like renal glycosuria. But you'll prevent glycosuria — and conditions like diabetes — through certain lifestyle choices.
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