Overview

Retinal diseases vary widely, but most of them cause visual symptoms. Retinal diseases can affect any a part of your retina, a skinny layer of tissue on the within back wall of your eye.

The retina contains many light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) and other nerve cells that receive and organize visual information. Your retina sends this information to your brain through your nervus opticus , enabling you to ascertain.

Treatment is available for some retinal diseases. Depending on your condition, treatment goals could also be to prevent or slow the disease and preserve, improve or restore your vision. Untreated, some retinal diseases can cause severe vision loss or blindness.

Symptoms

Many retinal diseases share some common signs and symptoms. These may include:

Ø  Seeing floating specks or cobwebs

Ø  Blurred or distorted (straight lines look wavy) vision

Ø  Defects in the side vision

Ø  Lost vision

When to see a doctor

It's important to pay attention to any changes in your vision and find care quickly. Seek immediate medical attention if you suddenly have floaters, flashes or reduced vision. These are warning signs of probably serious retinal disease.

Risk factors

Risk factors for retinal diseases might include:

Ø  Aging

Ø  Smoking

Ø  Being obese

Ø  Having diabetes or other diseases

Ø  Eye trauma

Ø  A family history of retinal diseases

Types

Common retinal diseases and conditions include:

Retinal tear - A retinal tear occurs when the clear, gel-like substance within the center of your eye (vitreous) shrinks and tugs on the skinny layer of tissue lining the rear of your eye (retina) with enough traction to cause an opportunity within the tissue. It's often accompanied by the sudden onset of symptoms such as floaters and flashing lights.

Retinal detachment - A detachment of the retina is defined by the presence of fluid under the retina. This usually occurs when fluid passes through a retinal tear, causing the retina to lift faraway from the underlying tissue layers.

Diabetic retinopathy - If you've got diabetes, the small blood vessels (capillaries) within the back of your eye can deteriorate and leak fluid into and under the retina. This causes the retina to swell, which can blur or distort your vision. Or you may develop new, abnormal capillaries that break and bleed. This also worsens your vision.

Epiretinal membrane - Epiretinal membrane may be a delicate tissue-like scar or membrane that appears like crinkled cellophane lying on top of the retina. This membrane pulls abreast of the retina, which distorts your vision. Objects may appear blurred or crooked.

Macular hole - A macular hole may be a small defect within the center of the retina at the rear of your eye (macula). The hole may develop from abnormal traction between the retina and therefore the vitreous, or it's going to follow an injury to the attention.

Macular degeneration - In degeneration, the middle of your retina begins to deteriorate. This causes symptoms like blurred sight or a blind spot within the center of the field of vision. There are two types — wet degeneration and dry degeneration. Many people will first have the dry form, which may reach the wet form in one or both eyes.

Retinitis pigmentosa - Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited degenerative disease. It slowly affects the retina and causes loss of night and side vision.

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